Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger's 1986 Meningitis Epidemic
Belinda Archibong and Francis Annan
American Economic Review.
May 2017, Vol. 107, No. 5:
Pages 530-535
Disease and Gender Gaps in Human Capital Investment: Evidence from Niger's 1986 Meningitis Epidemic†
BelindaArchibong1 and FrancisAnnan2
1Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 (e-mail: [email protected])
2Columbia University, 420 W 118th Street, New York, NY 10027 (e-mail: [email protected])
Abstract
This paper examines whether disease burdens, especially prevalent in the tropics, contribute significantly to widening gender gaps in educational attainment. We estimate the impact of sudden exposure to the 1986 meningitis epidemic in Niger on girls' education relative to boys. Our results suggest that increases in meningitis cases during epidemic years significantly reduce years of education disproportionately for primary school-aged going girls in areas with higher meningitis exposure. There is no significant effect for boys in the same cohort and no effects of meningitis exposure for non-epidemic years. Our findings have broader implications for climate-induced disease effects on social inequality.